The midfielder spent the second-half of last season on-loan with Rovers and has now returned in a similar deal for the new campaign.
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Crew, 19, has been capped at senior level by Wales.
Rovers boss Grant McCann said: "I'm delighted he's chosen us because there were some big clubs in League One chasing him but Charlie and Leeds have decided this is the best place for him to play his football."
Crew signed a four-year contract at Elland Road in 2024 and made his Leeds debut as a substitute last November.