During Wednesday's 5-2 Champions League loss to Paris Saint-Germain, Neto pushed the ball boy to the ground in the closing stages of the match out of frustration.
Reports state that Neto believed he had been slow to return the ball to him and that the ball boy was reluctant to hand the ball over in the final minutes of the clash.
Neto later apologized to the boy and gave him his game jersey.
"With the emotions of the game, we were losing, I wanted to pick up the ball," Neto told British TNT Sports. "I gave him a little push. I saw that I hurt him and I am sorry, as I'm not like this."
Despite the apology, UEFA has opened an investigation into Blues striker as they released a statement on Thursday afternoon.
"Disciplinary proceedings have been opened against Chelsea player Pedro Lomba Neto for unsporting conduct, in accordance with Article 15(1)(a)(v) of the UEFA Disciplinary Regulations," they wrote. "UEFA's disciplinary bodies will make a decision on this case in due course."
Neto's actions were subsequently reviewed by VAR, but they decided not to intervene. UEFA will now decide on his punishment which could lead to him being banned for the second leg.
Chelsea face Newcastle in the Premier League this Saturday before meeting PSG once more on Tuesday at Stamford Bridge where they face the impossible thanks to a 5-2 scoreline.