Al-Ahli were held 1-1 at home by Al-Fayha on Wednesday night.
The result left Al-Ahli four points behind SPL leaders Al-Nassr, with Cristiano Ronaldo's team also having a game in hand.
Against Al-GFayhe, Al-Ahli had three penalty appeals -dismissed by the referee, who was then backed up by VAR.
Former Brentford striker Toney, who scored on the night, said post-match: "The big talking point was the two penalties.
"It's clear as day. I don't know what more you want him to do? Pick the ball up with two hands, are you going to give a penalty then or not?
"And then we try to talk to the referee and he tries to tell us to focus on the AFC (Champions League). How can the referee say this? We're talking about now and he says focus on the AFC.
"If you want me to go deeper, I can go deeper. It might get me into trouble but I'm a man that says it how it is."
He added: "Throughout the season it's a clear penalty, but now we get to crunch time, they change it, I don't know why." Asked who he felt was benefiting, Toney replied: "We know who. Who are we chasing?"
He then concluded: "If decisions go our way we have a good chance, but if they continue like this it will be tough".
Toney then took to social media to further vent: "Two of these actions went to VAR and one didn’t. It’s actually crazy how you can miss things like this in crucial moments or choose to turn a blind eye.
"And without saying too much that may get me in trouble, it’s clear what’s being influenced here!!! Also with the referee telling us to concentrate on a different competition whilst VAR is going on is beyond me.
"And to add with the referee agreeing that the first one was a penalty in the 90+ minute like that’s going to help. But listen I guess I’m probably the bad guy for speaking some truths and pointing out questionable decisions or s*** refereeing."
He added: "Next time if needed I can bring someone from my area that doesn’t have a clue about football to do a MUCH better job than some of these (clown emoji)!!!!!"